Table 1 Patients’ baseline characteristics
From: A machine learning–based framework for predicting postpartum chronic pain: a retrospective study
Natural vaginal delivery | Painless vaginal delivery | Cesarean delivery | F or χ2 | Overall P | P.1 vs. 2 | P.1 vs. 3 | P.2 vs. 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 410 | N = 395 | N = 787 | ||||||
Age | 31.0 [29.0; 34.0] | 30.0 [28.0; 32.0] | 32.0 [29.0; 35.0] | 38.41 | <0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.038 | < 0.001 |
Gestational age at delivery weeks | 38.2 (2.39) | 38.8 (1.45) | 38.2 (1.63) | 18.38 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.98 | < 0.001 |
BMI before delivery | 26.0 [24.0; 28.8] | 26.0 [24.5; 28.0] | 28.0 [26.0; 30.0] | 49.82 | <0.001 | 0.981 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Education: | 100.61 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Primary school | 5 (1.22%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (0.51%) | |||||
Middle school | 32 (7.80%) | 0 (0.00%) | 30 (3.81%) | |||||
Senior school | 74 (18.0%) | 70 (17.7%) | 259 (32.9%) | |||||
University | 299 (72.9%) | 325 (82.3%) | 494 (62.8%) | |||||
Hepatic disease: | 3.59 | 0.266 | 1 | 0.359 | 0.359 | |||
No | 408 (99.5%) | 393 (99.5%) | 776 (98.6%) | |||||
Yes | 2 (0.49%) | 2 (0.51%) | 11 (1.40%) | |||||
Hypertension: | 21.47 | <0.001 | 0.302 | 0.007 | <0.001 | |||
No | 392 (95.6%) | 384 (97.2%) | 715 (90.9%) | |||||
Yes | 18 (4.39%) | 11 (2.78%) | 72 (9.15%) | |||||
DM: | 31.39 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.358 | <0.001 | |||
No | 339 (82.7%) | 367 (92.9%) | 632 (80.3%) | |||||
Yes | 71 (17.3%) | 28 (7.09%) | 155 (19.7%) | |||||
Heart function: | 12.59 | 0.006 | 0.086 | 1 | 0.037 | |||
I | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (1.01%) | 0 (0.00%) | |||||
II | 410 (100%) | 391 (99.0%) | 786 (99.9%) | |||||
III | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.13%) | |||||
ASA: | 182.46 | <0.001 | <0.001 | < 0.001 | <0.001 | |||
I | 127 (31.0%) | 28 (7.09%) | 65 (8.26%) | |||||
II | 273 (66.6%) | 365 (92.4%) | 648 (82.3%) | |||||
III | 10 (2.44%) | 2 (0.51%) | 74 (9.40%) | |||||
Multiparous: | 135.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.345 | <0.001 | |||
No | 223 (54.4%) | 337 (85.3%) | 404 (51.3%) | |||||
Yes | 187 (45.6%) | 58 (14.7%) | 383 (48.7%) | |||||
Cesarean section history: | 292.5 | <0.001 | 0.015 | < 0.001 | <0.001 | |||
No | 403 (98.3%) | 395 (100%) | 529 (67.2%) | |||||
Yes | 7 (1.71%) | 0 (0.00%) | 258 (32.8%) | |||||
Childbirth induction: | 61.35 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
No | 389 (94.9%) | 395 (100%) | 787 (100%) | |||||
Yes | 21 (5.12%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |||||
Anesthesia manner: | 1957.5 | <0.001 | 0 | 0.058 | ||||
No anesthesia | 410 (100%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |||||
Intrathecal anesthesia | 0 (0.00%) | 395 (100%) | 779 (99.0%) | |||||
General anesthesia | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (1.02%) | |||||
PCA: | 173.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | < 0.001 | <0.001 | |||
No PCA | 410 (100%) | 364 (92.2%) | 677 (86.0%) | |||||
Epidural PCA | 0 (0.00%) | 31 (7.85%) | 8 (1.02%) | |||||
Intravenous PCA | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 102 (13.0%) | |||||
Blood loss 100 mL | 2.50 [2.00; 3.00] | 2.50 [2.00; 3.00] | 4.00 [3.00; 4.00] | 255.46 | <0.001 | 0.117 | < 0.001 | <0.001 |
Blood transfusion: | 1.32 | 0.591 | 0.765 | 0.773 | 0.765 | |||
No | 405 (98.8%) | 393 (99.5%) | 779 (99.0%) | |||||
Yes | 5 (1.22%) | 2 (0.51%) | 8 (1.02%) | |||||
Newborn weight Kg | 3.22 [2.95; 3.51] | 3.25 [3.00; 3.47] | 3.31 [3.04; 3.58] | 7.15 | 0.001 | 0.468 | 0.002 | 0.013 |
Nursing staff: | 26.64 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.071 | |||
Delivery women | 130 (31.7%) | 118 (29.9%) | 217 (27.6%) | |||||
Other members | 87 (21.2%) | 39 (9.87%) | 115 (14.6%) | |||||
Delivery women and other members | 193 (47.1%) | 238 (60.3%) | 455 (57.8%) | |||||
Feeding_pattern: | 5.95 | 0.203 | 0.281 | 0.281 | 0.347 | |||
Breast milk | 226 (55.1%) | 218 (55.2%) | 406 (51.6%) | |||||
Breast and cow’s milk | 122 (29.8%) | 134 (33.9%) | 275 (34.9%) | |||||
Cow’s milk | 62 (15.1%) | 43 (10.9%) | 106 (13.5%) | |||||
WBC | 8.70 [7.34; 10.6] | 8.60 [7.60; 10.4] | 8.51 [7.40; 10.0] | 1.21 | 0.377 | 0.865 | 0.386 | 0.386 |
Neutrophil | 6.50 [5.20; 8.19] | 6.40 [5.40; 7.80] | 6.20 [5.20; 7.41] | 5.44 | 0.01 | 0.849 | 0.022 | 0.022 |
Hospital stay | 3.00 [2.00; 4.00] | 4.00 [3.00; 5.00] | 5.00 [4.00; 6.00] | 92.58 | <0.001 | <0.001 | < 0.001 | <0.001 |
NRS 3 day after delivery | 2.00 [2.00; 3.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 3.00] | 4.00 [4.00; 6.00] | 567.12 | <0.001 | 0.377 | < 0.001 | <0.001 |
Back pain during gestation: | 1.35 | 0.509 | 0.702 | 0.702 | 0.702 | |||
No | 210 (51.2%) | 196 (49.6%) | 418 (53.1%) | |||||
Yes | 200 (48.8%) | 199 (50.4%) | 369 (46.9%) |