Table 1 Patient characteristics used in both cohorts

The 380 features from Cohort 1

Demographics

3

Age, Gender, Race;

Admission information

3

Admission type, Admission location, First care unit;

Vital signs

9

Heart rate, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Mean arterial pressure, Respiratory rate, Temperature, SpO2, Height, weight;

Lab tests

19

Anion gap, Albumin test, Band neutrophils test, Bicarbonate test, Bilirubin test, Creatinine test, Chloride test, Glucose test, Hematocrit (red blood cells) test, Hemoglobin test, Lactate test, Platelet count blood test, Potassium blood test, Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), International normalized ratio (INR), Prothrombin time (PT), Sodium blood test, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), White blood count (WBC);

Intervention

346

Information from Tables INPUTEVENTS and PROCEDUREVENTS, for example, medications, vasopressor, ventilation, etc.

The 273 features from Cohort 2

Demographics

3

Age, Gender, Race;

Admission information

2

Insurance, Arrival transport;

Triage observations

7

Temperature, Heart rate, Respiratory Rate, SpO2, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Acuity Level;

Vital signs

6

Temperature, Heart rate, Respiratory Rate, SpO2, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure;

Lab tests

45

Anion gap, Albumin test, Bicarbonate test, Bilirubin test, Creatinine test, Chloride test, Glucose test etc.;

Medications

160

Grouped using the hierarchical ontology of the Enhanced Therapeutic Class (ETC), e.g., Analgesic Opioid Agonists, Antiemetics, Diuretics, etc.;

Diagnosis^*

48

Defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 9th and 10th Revision (ICD-9 and ICD-10), e.g., Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Pneumonia, Shortness of Breath, etc.;

Time-Related information

2

EDLOS (the time from arrival to departure from the ED), EDBT (the time spent in the ED waiting for an inpatient bed after admission decision);