Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all participants

Age

12,052

54.0 (46.0, 64.0)

53.0 (46.0, 63.0)

64.0 (54.0, 72.0)

< 0.001

Age group

12,052

< 0.001

 40–59 years

6,296 (64%)

5,812 (68%)

484 (38%)

 60–79 years

5,071 (33%)

4,112 (31%)

959 (57%)

 80 + years

685 (2.1%)

482 (1.7%)

203 (5.7%)

Gender

12,052

< 0.001

 Male

5,806 (48%)

4,926 (47%)

880 (55%)

 Female

6,246 (52%)

5,480 (53%)

766 (45%)

Race

12,052

0.2

 Non-Hispanic white

6,116 (79%)

5,214 (79%)

902 (78%)

 Non-Hispanic black

2,528 (9.0%)

2,161 (8.7%)

367 (11%)

 Mexican-American

2,251 (4.6%)

1,971 (4.7%)

280 (3.8%)

 Other

1,157 (7.7%)

1,060 (7.8%)

97 (7.3%)

PIR

12,052

3.30 (1.84, 5.00)

3.40 (1.95, 5.00)

2.22 (1.24, 3.97)

< 0.001

PIR group

12,052

< 0.001

 Low

3,336 (15%)

2,716 (14%)

620 (27%)

 Medium

4,974 (38%)

4,268 (37%)

706 (44%)

 High

3,742 (47%)

3,422 (49%)

320 (30%)

Education

12,052

< 0.001

 Low

855 (3.2%)

721 (3.0%)

134 (4.6%)

 Middle

5,381 (33%)

4,442 (31%)

939 (47%)

 High

5,816 (64%)

5,243 (66%)

573 (49%)

Smoking

12,052

< 0.001

 Yes

6,343 (53%)

5,336 (52%)

1,007 (65%)

 No

5,709 (47%)

5,070 (48%)

639 (35%)

Alcohol

12,052

0.2

 Never

1,899 (11%)

1,607 (11%)

292 (13%)

 Moderate

9,741 (85%)

8,432 (85%)

1,309 (84%)

 Over

412 (3.6%)

367 (3.6%)

45 (3.2%)

BMI

12,052

27.50 (24.39, 31.56)

27.38 (24.30, 31.31)

28.60 (25.27, 33.01)

< 0.001

BMI group

12,052

< 0.001

 Underweight (< 18.5)

114 (0.9%)

96 (1.0%)

18 (0.8%)

 Normal (18.5 to < 25)

3,141 (29%)

2,759 (29%)

382 (23%)

 Overweight (Overweight (25 to < 30)

4,542 (37%)

3,946 (37%)

596 (33%)

 Obese (≥ 30)

4,255 (34%)

3,605 (33%)

650 (43%)

Hyperlipidemia

12,052

0.9

 No

1,480 (17%)

1,289 (17%)

191 (17%)

 Yes

10,572 (83%)

9,117 (83%)

1,455 (83%)

Hypertension

12,052

< 0.001

 No

5,870 (55%)

5,420 (58%)

450 (32%)

 Yes

6,182 (45%)

4,986 (42%)

1,196 (68%)

Diabetes

12,052

< 0.001

 No

9,661 (85%)

8,568 (87%)

1,093 (71%)

 Yes

2,391 (15%)

1,838 (13%)

553 (29%)

FEV1

12,052

2,816 (2,242, 3,449)

2,862 (2,289, 3,487)

2,387 (1,858, 3,061)

< 0.001

FVC

12,052

3,713 (3,010, 4,565)

3,757 (3,061, 4,603)

3,314 (2,599, 4,183)

< 0.001

FEV1/FVC

12,052

0.7645 (0.7117, 0.8097)

0.7671 (0.7151, 0.8114)

0.7414 (0.6712, 0.7906)

< 0.001

Airflow obstruction

12,052

< 0.001

 No

9,439 (78%)

8,309 (80%)

1,130 (66%)

 Yes

2,613 (22%)

2,097 (20%)

516 (34%)

¹N not Missing (unweighted)

²median (IQR) for continuous; n (%) for categorical

³Wilcoxon rank-sum test for complex survey samples; chi-squared test with Rao & Scott’s second-order correction