Table 2 Predictive model of High SBP record (over 160 mmHg): validation performance metrics and top variables. SD refers to the standard deviation of the corresponding metric. LR-L2 and SVM-L2 refer to the ℓ₂-norm regularized LR and SVM models. The top 20 features of the predictive model are listed and ranked by the absolute LR coefficients (Coef). We also listed the p-value, correlation of the variable with the outcome (Y-corr), the mean of the variable (Y1-mean) in the patient cohort with high SBP records over 160 mmHg, and the mean of the variable (Y0-mean) in the patients with no SBP record above 160 mmHg. We report the corresponding odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals

Algorithm

AUC

Weighted F1-score

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

LR-L2

73.42%

0.23%

69.17%

0.24%

SVM-L2

73.40%

0.23%

69.14%

0.19%

XGBoost

74.49%

0.23%

70.07%

0.20%

RF

73.53%

0.24%

69.27%

0.24%

ORF

73.86%

0.25%

78.67%

0.16%

Top 20 Variables in the LR model

Variable

Coef

p-value

Y1-mean

Y0-mean

Y-corr

OR

95% OR CI

5% OR CI

1

Age

0.67

0

64.20

54.02

0.28

1.04

1.04

1.04

2

Ever Cigarette User-YES

0.41

0

0.23

0.05

0.26

5.06

5.22

4.89

3

Race_Black

0.21

0

0.46

0.31

0.16

1.94

1.98

1.90

4

Race_White

-0.15

0

0.28

0.38

-0.10

0.63

0.64

0.61

5

Depression

0.09

 < 0.001

0.09

0.05

0.07

1.81

1.88

1.74

6

Language_English

-0.09

 < 0.001

0.67

0.71

-0.04

0.85

0.87

0.84

7

Race_Hispanic

-0.09

 < 0.001

0.01

0.02

-0.05

0.42

0.46

0.38

8

Marital_status:other

-0.07

 < 0.001

0.03

0.05

-0.04

0.66

0.69

0.62

9

Race_Other

-0.07

 < 0.001

0.01

0.02

-0.03

0.48

0.53

0.43

10

Household_income

-0.06

 < 0.001

55586.96

58078.01

-0.06

0.99

0.99

0.99

11

SDoH_transportation

0.05

 < 0.001

0.03

0.01

0.08

3.46

3.76

3.19

12

Race_Asian

-0.05

 < 0.001

0.03

0.03

-0.03

0.72

0.77

0.68

13

SDoH_food

0.05

 < 0.001

0.05

0.02

0.08

2.47

2.62

2.34

14

Race_Middle Eastern

-0.05

 < 0.001

0.00

0.00

-0.02

0.37

0.48

0.29

15

Language_Other

-0.04

 < 0.001

0.18

0.17

0.02

1.12

1.15

1.09

16

Language_African

0.03

 < 0.001

0.06

0.03

0.06

1.76

1.85

1.68

17

SDoH_housing

0.03

 < 0.001

0.01

0.00

0.05

3.05

3.44

2.70

18

Marital_status:divorced

0.03

 < 0.001

0.07

0.05

0.04

1.48

1.54

1.42

19

Marital_status:separated

0.02

 < 0.001

0.03

0.02

0.04

1.68

1.79

1.58

20

SDoH_job

0.02

 < 0.001

0.02

0.01

0.05

2.09

2.27

1.93