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Table 4 Comparison of predictive validity of the optimal ML models, proposed model and Padua

From: A new risk assessment model of venous thromboembolism by considering fuzzy population

Model Name

Training set

Test set

Sensitivity

Specificity

Youden

Sensitivity

Specificity

SVM

0.8042

0.7511

0.5554

0.8292

0.7104

RF

0.8307

0.7975

0.6282

0.8780

0.7643

GBDT

0.8148

0.8223

0.6372

0.8780

0.7787

LR

0.7725

0.7864

0.5589

0.8537

0.7708

XGBoost

0.7883

0.8302

0.6185

0.8537

0.7919

Padua

0.8466

0.6127

0.4593

0.9024

0.6330

Proposed method

0.8995

0.6786

0.5781

0.9024

0.6481

  1. The optimal ML models and proposed model were selected by maximizing the value of Youden index on training data. Note that metrics of predictive validity on training process were computed using all patients from training data