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Table 3 Comparison of mean predictive validity of five ML models, Padua and proposed model

From: A new risk assessment model of venous thromboembolism by considering fuzzy population

Model Name

Training set

Test set

Sensitivity

Specificity

Sensitivity

Specificity

SVM

0.7894 ± 0.0220

0.7240 ± 0.0431

0.8341 ± 0.0420

0.7032 ± 0.0424

RF

0.8413 ± 0.0150

0.7757 ± 0.0138

0.8195 ± 0.0452

0.7349 ± 0.0156

GBDT

0.7883 ± 0.0404

0.8135 ± 0.0394

0.8146 ± 0.0396

0.7825 ± 0.0441

LR

0.7397 ± 0.0304

0.7960 ± 0.0230

0.8195 ± 0.0293

0.7869 ± 0.0230

XGBoost

0.7524 ± 0.0316

0.8328 ± 0.0185

0.8293 ± 0.0218

0.8064 ± 0.0239

Padua

0.8466

0.6127

0.9024

0.6330

Proposed method

0.8995 ± 1.110E-16

0.6741 ± 0.0056

0.9024 ± 1.110E-16

0.6453 ± 0.0033

  1. Values of sensitivity and specificity were represented with ‘mean value ± standard deviation’. The model training process was repeated five times to calculate the predictive validity. Note that sensitivities and specificities on training process were computed using all patients from training data