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Table 1 Demographic characteristics in populations with different degrees of liver fibrosis

From: Explainable machine learning model for predicting the risk of significant liver fibrosis in patients with diabetic retinopathy

Variables

Training set (n = 3754)

 

Validation set (n = 1610)

No/mild hepatic fibrosis

Significant liver fibrosis/cirrhosis

  

No/mild hepatic fibrosis

Significant liver fibrosis/cirrhosis

 

(n = 2282)

(n = 1472)

P-value

 

(n = 966)

(n = 644)

P-value

Baseline information

       

Age (years)

52.00 [46.00, 60.00]

70.00 [62.00, 78.00]

< 0.001***

 

52.00 [45.00, 61.00]

70.00 [62.00, 76.00]

< 0.001***

Gender [% (n)]

       

 Female

1245 (54.6)

621 (42.2)

< 0.001***

 

533 (55.2)

272 (42.2)

< 0.001***

 Male

1037 (45.4)

851 (57.8)

  

433 (44.8)

372 (57.8)

 

Race [% (n)]

       

 Non-Hispanic white

397 (17.4)

172 (11.7)

< 0.001***

 

205 (21.2)

79 (12.3)

< 0.001***

 Non-Hispanic black

190 (8.3)

75 (5.1)

  

77 (8.0)

34 (5.3)

 

 Mexican American

1135 (49.7)

909 (61.8)

  

472 (48.9)

391 (60.7)

 

 Other Hispanic

470 (20.6)

287 (19.5)

  

177 (18.3)

120 (18.6)

 

 Other race

90 (3.9)

29 (2.0)

  

35 (3.6)

20 (3.1)

 

Physical examination

       

Weight (kg)

81.20 [69.20, 95.18]

78.15 [67.27, 89.70]

< 0.001***

 

80.30 [68.73, 93.70]

78.00 [65.95, 90.32]

0.001***

Height (cm)

166.70 [159.90, 174.40]

168.20 [160.20, 175.02]

0.072

 

166.65 [159.62, 173.70]

167.40 [160.20, 175.62]

0.105

BMI (kg/m2)

28.96 [25.08, 33.40]

27.66 [24.54, 31.39]

< 0.001***

 

28.80 [25.23, 33.05]

27.52 [24.50, 31.10]

< 0.001***

Clinical information

       

PLT (109/L)

40.00 [21.00, 283.00]

31.50 [19.00, 205.25]

< 0.001***

 

36.00 [20.00, 284.75]

37.00 [21.00, 209.00]

< 0.001***

ALT (U/L)

23.00 [19.00, 27.00]

24.00 [20.00, 31.00]

< 0.001***

 

22.00 [19.00, 27.00]

24.00 [20.00, 30.00]

< 0.001***

AST (U/L)

215.00 [23.00, 288.00]

176.00 [28.00, 229.00]

< 0.001***

 

224.00 [23.00, 297.75]

170.00 [27.00, 231.00]

< 0.001***

Retinopathy [% (n)]

  

< 0.005**

   

0.048*

 No retinopathy (Level 1)

2032 (89.0)

1261 (85.7)

  

861 (89.1)

545 (84.6)

 

 Mild NPDR (Level 2)

199 (8.7)

178 (12.1)

  

83 (8.6)

83 (12.9)

 

 Moderate/severe NPDR (Level 3)

43 (1.9)

24 (1.6)

  

17 (1.8)

12 (1.9)

 

 PR (Level 4)

8 (0.4)

9 (0.6)

  

5 (0.5)

4 (0.6)

 

Hepatitis C virus infection [% (n)]

  

0.421

   

0.238

 Yes

57 (2.5)

44 (3.0)

  

21 (2.2)

21 (3.3)

 

 No

2225 (97.5)

1428 (97.0)

  

945 (97.8)

623 (96.7)

 

T2DM [% (n)]

  

< 0.001***

   

0.120

 Yes

405 (17.7)

366 (24.9)

  

184 (19.0)

144 (22.4)

 

 No

1877 (82.3)

1106 (75.1)

  

782 (81.0)

500 (77.6)

 
  1. Note: Data are presented as number (percentage) or median [IQR]
  2. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; PLT: platelet count; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus
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BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

ISSN: 1472-6947

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