Table 1 The basic demographic characteristics of all patients
Total (N = 499) | Test (N = 100) | Train (N = 399) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | ||||
Age (years), Median[IQR] | 58.0 [45.0, 71.0] | 59.0 [45.0, 75.0] | 57.0 [45.0, 70.0] | 0.495 |
Male, N (%) | 300 (60.1) | 66 (66) | 234 (58.6) | 0.219 |
Race (White), N (%) | 303 (60.7) | 54 (54) | 249 (62.4) | 0.154 |
Vital Signs, Median[IQR] | ||||
Heart_Rate_Mean(bpm) | 98.2 [85.1, 110.3] | 98.8 [82.5, 110.6] | 97.6 [85.2, 110.2] | 0.602 |
Sbp_Mean(mmHg) | 118.0 [107.6, 133.5] | 117.1 [108.2, 130.4] | 118.1 [107.5, 134.4] | 0.748 |
Dbp_Mean(mmHg) | 65.2 [57.6, 74.5] | 63.8 [57.8, 72.6] | 65.6 [57.5, 75.0] | 0.510 |
Mbp_Mean(mmHg) | 79.5 [71.7, 88.9] | 77.8 [72.5, 86.4] | 80.0 [71.3, 90.4] | 0.631 |
Resp_Rate_Mean (bpm) | 21.3 [18.4, 24.4] | 21.4 [18.6, 24.8] | 21.2 [18.4, 24.3] | 0.392 |
Temperature_Mean(℃) | 37.0 [36.6, 37.5] | 37.0 [36.7, 37.5] | 37.0 [36.6, 37.5] | 0.405 |
Spo2_Mean(%) | 96.6 [95.0, 98.0] | 97.0 [95.2, 98.4] | 96.5 [95.0, 98.0] | 0.339 |
Glucose_Mean (mg/dL) | 138.8 [110.9, 177.1] | 138.8 [113.9, 168.2] | 138.6 [110.3, 180.8] | 0.674 |
Scores, Median[IQR] | ||||
SOFA | 6.0 [3.0, 9.0] | 7.0 [3.5, 9.0] | 6.0 [3.0, 10.0] | 0.757 |
SIRS | 3.0 [3.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [2.5, 4.0] | 3.0 [3.0, 4.0] | 0.392 |
SAPSIII | 38.0 [27.0, 50.0] | 39.0 [28.5, 46.0] | 38.0 [27.0, 51.0] | 0.919 |
OASIS | 35.0 [29.0, 42.0] | 34.5 [30.0, 41.5] | 35.0 [29.0, 42.0] | 0.838 |
APSIII | 54.0 [40.0, 74.0] | 53.5 [40.0, 65.0] | 54.0 [39.5, 75.0] | 0.527 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 4.0 [1.0, 6.0] | 4.0 [1.5, 6.0] | 4.0 [1.0, 6.0] | 0.649 |
Laboratory Blood Tests | ||||
Complete Blood Count, Median[IQR] | ||||
WBC(10*9/L) | 13.1 [9.1, 19.0] | 11.9 [8.9, 16.8] | 13.3 [9.1, 19.5] | 0.188 |
Hemoglobin(g/L) | 11.2 [9.2, 13.2] | 11.2 [9.6, 13.2] | 11.2 [9.2, 13.2] | 0.623 |
Platelet(10*9/L) | 205.0 [140.5, 312.0] | 200.5 [156.5, 321.5] | 209.0 [139.5, 312.0] | 0.755 |
Hematocrit (%) | 34.3 [28.6, 39.4] | 34.0 [29.4, 39.5] | 34.3 [28.4, 39.4] | 0.779 |
Biochemistry, Median[IQR] | ||||
Bicarbonate(mmol/L) | 21.0 [17.0, 25.0] | 22.0 [18.0, 25.0] | 21.0 [17.0, 25.0] | 0.084 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 8.1 [7.1, 9.0] | 8.2 [7.2, 9.1] | 8.1 [7.1, 8.9] | 0.282 |
Chloride(mmol/L) | 103.0 [98.0, 108.0] | 104.0 [98.5, 108.0] | 103.0 [98.0, 108.0] | 0.612 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 [0.8, 2.0] | 1.1 [0.7, 1.7] | 1.1 [0.8, 2.1] | 0.362 |
Glucose(mmol/L) | 125.0 [99.0, 186.5] | 126.5 [101.0, 177.5] | 125.0 [98.0, 187.0] | 0.947 |
Sodium(mmol/L) | 138.0 [135.0, 142.0] | 139.0 [135.0, 142.5] | 138.0 [135.0, 142.0] | 0.491 |
Potassium(mmol/L) | 4.1 [3.6, 4.8] | 4.0 [3.5, 4.5] | 4.2 [3.7, 4.8] | 0.013 |
Total Bilirubin (mmol/L) | 0.7 [0.4, 2.2] | 0.7 [0.4, 1.9] | 0.7 [0.4, 2.2] | 0.760 |
ALP (U/L) | 96.0 [61.0, 184.5] | 77.5 [57.0, 170.0] | 102.0 [62.5, 188.5] | 0.150 |
AST (U/L) | 87.0 [37.5, 354.5] | 105.0 [37.0, 527.0] | 80.0 [37.5, 341.0] | 0.321 |
Coagulation, Median[IQR] | ||||
INR | 1.3 [1.1, 1.5] | 1.3 [1.1, 1.5] | 1.3 [1.1, 1.5] | 0.808 |
PT (s) | 14.5 [13.0, 18.3] | 14.5 [13.1, 18.0] | 14.4 [13.0, 18.4] | 0.735 |
Blood Gas, Median[IQR] | ||||
Anion gap (mmol/L) | 16.0 [13.0, 21.0] | 15.0 [13.0, 18.0] | 17.0 [13.0, 22.0] | 0.030 |
Lactate_Min(mmol/L) | 1.3 [1.0, 1.8] | 1.3 [0.9, 1.9] | 1.3 [1.0, 1.8] | 0.621 |
Lactate_Max(mmol/L) | 1.9 [1.1, 4.0] | 1.8 [1.0, 4.6] | 1.9 [1.1, 3.9] | 0.862 |
pH_Min | 7.3 [7.1, 7.4] | 7.3 [7.2, 7.4] | 7.3 [7.1, 7.4] | 0.939 |
pH_Max | 7.4 [7.3, 7.4] | 7.4 [7.3, 7.4] | 7.4 [7.3, 7.4] | 0.393 |
Po2_Min(mmHg) | 74.0 [47.0, 120.0] | 72.5 [45.5, 109.0] | 76.0 [47.0, 124.5] | 0.369 |
Po2_Max(mmHg) | 141.0 [91.0, 280.0] | 142.5 [91.5, 266.0] | 139.0 [90.5, 281.5] | 0.930 |
Pco2_Min(mmHg) | 34.0 [27.0, 40.5] | 34.0 [27.5, 40.0] | 34.0 [27.0, 41.0] | 0.860 |
Pco2_Max(mmHg) | 42.0 [33.0, 51.0] | 44.0 [34.0, 56.0] | 42.0 [33.0, 50.0] | 0.139 |
Baseexcess_Min(mmol/L) | -4.0 [-10.0, 1.0] | -3.0 [-9.0, 1.0] | -4.0 [-10.0, 1.0] | 0.292 |
Baseexcess_Max(mmol/L) | -1.0 [-6.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [-5.0, 1.5] | -2.0 [-7.0, 1.0] | 0.465 |
Totalco2_Min(mEq/L) | 22.0 [17.0, 29.0] | 24.0 [17.0, 28.0] | 22.0 [17.0, 29.0] | 0.692 |
Totalco2_Max(mEq/L) | 26.0 [21.0, 30.0] | 27.0 [22.0, 30.0] | 25.0 [21.0, 30.0] | 0.123 |
Complications | ||||
sepsis3, N (%) | 386 (77.4) | 80 (80) | 306 (76.7) | 0.566 |
Myocardial Infarct, N (%) | 47 (9.4) | 7 (7) | 40 (10) | 0.463 |
Congestive Heart Failure, N (%) | 100 (20) | 24 (24) | 76 (19) | 0.334 |
Peripheral Vascular Disease, N (%) | 29 (5.8) | 6 (6) | 23 (5.8) | 1.000 |
Cerebrovascular Disease, N (%) | 36 (7.2) | 7 (7) | 29 (7.3) | 1.000 |
Dementia, N (%) | 10 (2) | 2 (2) | 8 (2) | 1.000 |
Chronic Pulmonary Disease, N (%) | 113 (22.6) | 22 (22) | 91 (22.8) | 0.969 |
Rheumatic Disease, N (%) | 14 (2.8) | 1 (1) | 13 (3.3) | 0.320 |
Peptic Ulcer Disease, N (%) | 23 (4.6) | 6 (6) | 17 (4.3) | 0.431 |
Diabetes, N (%) | 160 (32.1) | 29 (29) | 131 (32.8) | 0.539 |
Liver Disease, N (%) | 147 (29.5) | 33 (33) | 114 (28.6) | 0.456 |
Paraplegia, N (%) | 8 (1.6) | 2 (2) | 6 (1.5) | 0.664 |
Malignant Cancer, N (%) | 41 (8.2) | 13 (13) | 28 (7) | 0.081 |
Metastatic Solid Tumor, N (%) | 15 (3) | 3 (3) | 12 (3) | 1.000 |
ARDS, N (%) | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | 1.000 |
AKI stage, N (%) | 210 (42.1) | 46 (46) | 164 (41.1) | 0.816 |
Stage 1 | 79 (15.8) | 15 (15) | 64 (16) | |
Stage 2 | 156 (31.3) | 28 (28) | 128 (32.1) | |
Stage 3 | 54 (10.8) | 11 (11) | 43 (10.8) | |
Treatment | ||||
Vasopressor, N (%) | 234 (46.9) | 49 (49) | 185 (46.4) | 0.719 |
Sedatives, N (%) | 253 (50.7) | 52 (52) | 201 (50.4) | 0.858 |
Diuretics, N (%) | 255 (51.1) | 54 (54) | 201 (50.4) | 0.592 |
CRRT, N (%) | 75 (15) | 16 (16) | 59 (14.8) | 0.883 |
Prognosis | ||||
30-day mortality, N (%) | 74 (14.8) | 14 (14) | 60 (15) | 0.917 |