Fig. 6

Decision curve analysis (DCA) and Clinical Impact Curves (CIC) for the acute heart failure nomogram. A and B are Decision Curve Analysis graphs for the nomogram, with the net benefit plotted on the y-axis against different threshold probabilities on the x-axis. Panel A represents the DCA for the training set, and Panel B represents the DCA for the testing set. The blue line represents the nomogram’s net benefit compared to treating all or no patients, indicated by the grey lines. The value of the nomogram is in its ability to balance true and false positives when predicting acute heart failure. Figures C and D show the number of patients identified as high-risk by the nomogram (solid purple line) and the actual patients with heart failure events (dashed red line). These graphs help in understanding the nomogram’s effectiveness and its implications for clinical decision-making at various risk thresholds