Table 1 Statistical overview of the predictor biomarkers of Sepsis patients

1

Gender

Chi-square test

X² = 1.27

0.261

• Male (%)

2023(58.52%)

441(56.32%)

2464(58.11%)

• Female (%)

1434(41.48%)

342(43.68%)

1776(41.89%)

2

Age

Rank-sum test

Z = -10.564

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

56.89 ± 16.83

68.72 ± 15.06

63.15 ± 16.73

• Median

53.61

71.64

65.01

• Q1, Q3

51.65, 75.26

58.78, 81.32

55.80, 77.04

• Min, Max

17.24, 88.97

16.78, 88.98

16.78, 88.98

3

Blood Lactate Minimum

Rank-sum test

Z = -12.60

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

1.55 ± 0.82

2.43 ± 2.11

1.71 ± 1.22

• Median

1.4

1.7

1.4

• Q1, Q3

1, 1.9

1.2, 2.8

1, 2

• Min, Max

0.3, 12.1

0.4, 20.3

0.3, 20.3

4

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

Rank-sum test

Z = -17.48

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

5.24 ± 2.88

8.03 ± 4.3

5.76 ± 3.37

• Median

5

7

5

• Q1, Q3

3, 7

5, 11

3, 7

• Min, Max

2, 21

2, 21

2, 21

5

Blood Lactate Mean

Rank-sum test

Z = -12.74

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

2.13 ± 1.3

3.47 ± 2.90

2.38 ± 1.77

• Median

1.8

2.4

1.9

• Q1, Q3

1.3, 2.55

1.6, 4.25

1.35, 2.75

• Min, Max

0.3, 16.8

0.4, 20.85

0.3, 20.85

6

Average Respiration Rate

Rank-sum test

Z = -12.68

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3456(1)

783(0)

4239(1)

• Mean ± SD

19.48 ± 4.07

21.74 ± 4.71

19.9 ± 4.3

• Median

18.84

21.3

19.24

• Q1, Q3

16.53, 21.8

18.1, 24.7

16.8, 22.41

• Min, Max

9.54, 40.37

10.17, 40.58

9.54, 40.58

7

ICU Length of Stay

Rank-sum test

Z = -2.59

 < 0.05

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

5.17 ± 6.8

5.15 ± 5.07

5.2 ± 6.5

• Median

2.79

3.39

2.88

• Q1, Q3

1.63, 5.82

1.69, 6.85

1.64, 6.01

• Min, Max

0.17, 101.74

0.31, 30.89

0.17, 101.74

8

Minimum Blood Urea Nitrogen

Rank-sum test

Z = -14.7

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3456(1)

782(1)

4238(2)

• Mean ± SD

23.67 ± 19.61

35.24 ± 26.19

25.8 ± 21.45

• Median

17

27

19

• Q1, Q3

12, 28

17, 45

12,32

• Min, Max

1, 182

3, 181

1, 182

9

Hospital Length of Stay

Rank-sum test

Z = 15.77

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

11.63 ± 10.71

7.015 ± 6.37

10.78 ± 10.21

• Median

8.54

5.16

7.94

• Q1, Q3

5.34, 14.15

2.1, 9.81

4.80, 13.42

• Min, Max

0.25, 206.43

-0.43, 30.44

-0.43, 206.42

10

Max Temperature (Celsius)

Rank-sum test

Z = 7.086

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3375(82)

764(19)

4139(101)

• Mean ± SD

37.66 ± 0.84

37.4 ± 1.14

37.61 ± 0.91

• Median

37.55

37.33

37.55

• Q1, Q3

37.05, 38.17

36.72, 38

37, 38.17

• Min, Max

32.94, 42

32.2, 40.94

32.2, 42

11

International Standard Ratio Max

Rank-sum test

Z = -12.64

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3236(221)

760(23)

3996(244)

• Mean ± SD

1.61 ± 1.34

2.12 ± 1.77

1.71 ± 1.45

• Median

1.3

1.5

1.3

• Q1, Q3

1.2, 1.6

1.2, 2.3

1.2, 1.7

• Min, Max

0.6, 24

0.9, 21.5

0.6, 24

12

Minimum Oxygen Saturation (%)

Rank-sum test

Z = 10.19

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

92.01 ± 5.84

87.57 ± 12.57

91.19 ± 7.74

• Median

93

91

93

• Q1, Q3

91, 95

86, 94

90, 95

• Min, Max

11, 100

1,100

1, 100

13

Mean Blood Urea Nitrogen

Rank-sum test

Z = -14.72

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

26.60 ± 21.66

38.55 ± 27.46

28.80 ± 23.31

• Median

19.5

30.5

21

• Q1, Q3

13.5, 32

19, 49.5

14, 35.5

• Min, Max

0, 216.5

0, 194.5

0, 216.5

14

Urine Output

Rank-sum test

Z = -18.1

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

2037.71 ± 1576.87

1276.79 ± 1358.36

1897.19 ± 1566.8

• Median

1740

970

1600.5

• Q1, Q3

1100, 2658

406, 1652

940, 2530

• Min, Max

0, 50,515

0, 12,210

0, 50,515

15

Elisxhauser Comorbidity Index

Rank-sum test

Z = -13.76

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

3.08 ± 6.89

6.86 ± 7.00

3.78 ± 7.06

• Median

2

7

3

• Q1, Q3

-1, 8

2, 12

0, 9

• Min, Max

-23, 28

-19, 30

-23, 30

16

Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score

Rank-sum test

Z = -21.37

 < 0.001

• N(missing)

3457(0)

783(0)

4240(0)

• Mean ± SD

4.7 ± 2.56

7.54 ± 3.5

5.23 ± 2.97

• Median

4

7

5

• Q1, Q3

3, 6

5, 10

3, 7

• Min, Max

0, 16

0, 20

0, 20

17

Outcome (%)

3457(81.53%)

783(18.47%)

4240