Table 1 The STEPS survey encompasses distinct levels of risk-factor assessment [10]
From: Predicting high blood pressure using machine learning models in low- and middle-income countries
Level | Collection Method | Risk factors |
|---|---|---|
Step 1 | Collected via self-report | Demographics and behavioural risk factors: The scope of inquiry includes tobacco and alcohol consumption, dietary habits such as fruit and vegetable intake, and salt/sodium ingestion, physical inactivity, medical history of NCDs and related conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Additional factors encompass cervical cancer screening coverage in women and the provision of comprehensive lifestyle guidance to mitigate NCD risks.. |
Step 2 | Collected via self-report | Physical measurements: Assessment includes height and weight measurements for body mass index (BMI) determination, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Additionally, waist circumference and blood pressure evaluations form part of the physical measurements. |
Step 3 | Conducted at local clinics or health centers | Biochemical measurements: The analysis encompasses fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol levels, and urinary sodium concentrations, providing essential insights into the biochemical aspects of NCD risk factors. |