Table 2 Summary of findings for Semi-immersive virtual reality

Setting: The semi-immersive virtual reality interventions were delivered in rehabilitation hospitals, clinics, and some home settings using video capture or robotics to track patient movements and interact with games. The systems provided visual feedback on a display.

Outcomes

Anticipated absolute effects^*(95% CI)

№ of participants

(studies)

Certainty of the evidence

(GRADE)

Improvement with conventional therapy

Improvement with semi-immersive VR

Motor Function

FMA

Scale from: -0.4 to 23.05

follow-up: range two weeks to 12 weeks

The mean FMA

Improvement was 6.73 points

MD 2.03 points higher

(1.8 higher to 2.25 higher)

344

(12 RCTs)

⨁◯◯◯

Very Low ^{a, b}

ARAT

Scale from: -5.23 to 17.3

follow-up: range two weeks to 3 months

The mean ARAT

Improvement was 6.52 points

MD 4.83 points higher

(4.53 higher to 5.13 higher)

256

(5 RCTs)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low ^{a, b}

WMFT

Scale from: -6.64 to 8.7

follow-up:

range from two weeks to 3 months

The mean WMFT

Improvement was 0.47 points

MD 3.48 points higher

(3.16 higher to 3.79 higher)

98

(4 RCTs)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low ^{a, b}

JTHFT

Scale from: 12.36 to 38.4

follow-up: range two weeks to six weeks

The mean JTHFT

Improvement was 16.27 seconds

MD 11.94 s lower

(10.55 lower to 13.32 lower)

102

(3 RCTs)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low ^{a, c}

Grip Strength

Scale from: 0.21 to 12.82

follow-up: range four weeks to 3 months

The mean grip Strength Improvement was 2.65 Kg

MD 1.7 Kg higher

(1.3 higher to 2.06 higher)

137

(4 RCTs)

⨁⨁◯◯

Low ^{a, d}

Functional Independence Assessment

FIM

Scale from: 13.4 to 17.7

follow-up: 3 month

The mean FIM

improvement was 16.4 points

MD 0.5 points higher

(0.8 lower to 1.9 higher)

102

(1 RCT)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate ^a

BI

Scale from: -3.3 to 31.68

follow-up: range two weeks to 12 weeks

The mean BI

Improvement was 9.14 points

MD 4.6 points higher

(4.09 higher to 5.09 higher)

169

(4 RCTs)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low ^{a, b}

Muscle Spasticity Assessment

MAS

Scale from: 0 to 1.5.

follow-up: range six weeks to 12 weeks

The mean MAS Improvement was 0.7 points

MD 0.08 points higher

(0.8 lower to 0.98 higher)

57

(2 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate ^a

Functional Use and dexterity

MAL-AOU

Scale from: -0.1 to 0.39

follow-up: range 3 weeks to 12 weeks

The mean MAL-AOU Improvement was 1.02 points

MD 0.18 points higher

(0.04 higher to 0.31 higher)

63

(3 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate ^a

BBT

Scale from: 0 to 34.5

follow-up: range 3 weeks to 10 weeks

The mean BBT

Improvement was 10.2 blocks

MD 4.3 blocks higher

(3.98 higher to 4.57 higher)

318

(7 RCTs)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low ^{a, b}