Varying (preferred) levels of involvement in treatment decision-making in the intensive care unit before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study among relatives

Table 1 In- and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria First contact person of an intensive care unit (ICU) patient with the following inclusion criteria:
	Pre-COVID-19	First COVID-19 wave	Second COVID-19 wave
Age patient	≥ 18 years	≥ 18 years	≥ 18 years
Period of ICU stay	December 1, 2019– February 1, 2020	March 15– May 15 2020	October 1, 2020– January 1, 2021
Length of ICU stay	≥ 3 days	≥ 3 days	≥ 3 days
Diagnosis of the patient	N/A	Confirmed COVID-19 infection	Confirmed COVID-19 infection
Other criteria regarding patient	Invasive mechanical ventilation ≥ 3 days¹	N/A	N/A
Exclusion criteria
The first contact person has insufficient proficiency in the Dutch language

N/A = not applicable
1 This criterion was chosen for comparability with the COVID-19 periods in which the majority of COVID-19 patients in the ICU had invasive mechanical ventilation.

ISSN: 1472-6947