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Table 2 Automation, Usability and Clinical Information Technology (CIT) Scores by Hospital Characteristic

From: Hospital characteristics associated with highly automated and usable clinical information systems in Texas, United States

  

Crude

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

Hospital Characteristic

Physicians,

n (%)

Mean

p

β

p

β

p

  

Automation

Teaching Status

       

Non-teaching

474 (77%)

18.6

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Teaching

141 (23%)

23.6

<.001

4.92

0.089

3.38

0.172

Urban Safety Net Status

       

Non-safety set

535 (87%)

19.1

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Safety net

80 (13%)

23.6

0.008

4.62

0.311

0.463

0.92

Bedsize

       

<350

268 (44%)

18.1

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 350

347 (56%)

21.0

0.012

2.65

0.126

1.34

0.377

Ownership

       

Not-for-profit

347 (58%)

20.0

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Government

80 (13%)

24.0

 

4.02

0.368

3.86

0.385

For-profit

170 (29%)

18.0

0.007

-2.43

0.130

-2.24

0.201

Average Age of Plant

       

> 10 years

367 (60%)

20.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 10 years

248 (40%)

19.1

0.353

-1.22

0.493

-3.09

0.093

Total Margin

       

< 0.01

236 (38%)

20.92

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 0.01

379 (62%)

19.0

0.106

-2.05

0.325

-1.50

0.421

IT Operating Expense

       

<$1 M

163 (28%)

16.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ $1 M

428 (72%)

20.7

0.001

4.06

0.006

4.11

0.004

IT Capital Expense

       

<$75,000

193 (38%)

16.6

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ $75,000

313 (62%)

21.8

0.001

5.08

0.004

3.24

0.041

Total IT Staff

       

<10

248 (44%)

17.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 10

318 (56%)

21.5

0.001

4.13

0.018

4.75

0.006

  

Usability

Teaching Status

       

Non-teaching

474 (77%)

39.8

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Teaching

141 (23%)

42.4

0.089

3.24

0.166

9.3

0.509

Urban Safety Net Status

       

Non-safety set

535 (87%)

40.7

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Safety net

80 (13%)

38.4

0.219

-1.54

0.636

-3.34

0.424

Bedsize

       

<350

268 (44%)

39.0

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 350

347 (56%)

41.5

0.058

2.24

0.217

2.08

0.249

Ownership

       

Not-for-profit

347 (58%)

40.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Government

80 (13%)

39.2

 

-.418

0.904

-0.50

0.888

For-profit

170 (29%)

42.2

0.482

1.41

0.486

1.00

0.650

Average Age of Plant

       

> 10 years

367 (60%)

40.3

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 10 years

248 (40%)

40.6

0.835

-0.22

0.905

-1.41

0.460

Total Margin

       

< 0.01

236 (38%)

39.0

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 0.01

379 (62%)

41.3

0.070

2.03

0.271

2.12

0.286

IT Operating Expense

       

<$1 M

163 (28%)

40.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ $1 M

428 (72%)

40.9

0.606

0.95

0.628

0.59

0.802

IT Capital Expense

       

<$75,000

193 (38%)

41.7

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ $75,000

313 (62%)

40.1

0.282

-1.23

0.490

-0.70

0.726

Total IT Staff

       

<10

248 (44%)

39.6

 

ref

ref

ref

Ref

≥ 10

318 (56%)

41.4

0.184

2.11

0.257

1.53

0.605

  

CIT

Teaching Status

       

Non-teaching

474 (77%)

29.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Teaching

141 (23%)

33.2

<.001

4.14

0.054

4.64

.002

Urban Safety Net Status

       

Non-safety set

535 (87%)

30.0

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Safety net

80 (13%)

31.3

.3318

1.83

0.618

-1.21

0.660

Bedsize

       

<350

268 (44%)

28.6

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 350

347 (56%)

31.3

0.004

2.52

0.080

1.76

0.147

Ownership

       

Not-for-profit

347 (58%)

30.1

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

Government

80 (13%)

31.9

 

2.09

0.572

1.97

0.598

For-profit

170 (29%)

30.1

0.447

-0.48

0.734

-0.62

0.688

Average Age of Plant

       

> 10 years

367 (60%)

30.3

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 10 years

248 (40%)

29.9

0.736

-0.52

0.717

-1.93

0.224

Total Margin

       

< 0.01

236 (38%)

29.9

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 0.01

379 (62%)

30.3

0.739

0.17

0.914

0.54

0.340

IT Operating Expense

       

<$1 M

163 (28%)

28.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ $1 M

428 (72%)

30.9

0.011

2.61

0.164

1.94

0.309

IT Capital Expense

       

<$75,000

193 (38%)

29.2

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ $75,000

313 (62%)

31.1

0.080

1.10

0.462

0.74

0.630

Total IT Staff

       

<10

248 (44%)

28.5

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

≥ 10

318 (56%)

31.5

0.002

3.12

0.189

2.48

0.197

  1. * The unadjusted and adjusted regression models were adjusted for percentage of complete responses and clustered by hospital. The adjusted models include coefficients adjusted for bed size, total margin, and ownership. ref-reference group.
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BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

ISSN: 1472-6947

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