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Table 2 Design and validity criteria of twelve studies that met entry criteria

From: A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for the detection of cirrhosis

FIRST AUTHOR

YEARS OF STUDY ENROLLMENT

N

DESIGN

INDEPENDANCE OF MEASUREMENTS*

APPLICATION OF BIOPSY

Schenker

1958–1959

61

Prospective

2

All

Nakamura

1951–1961

52

Retrospective

2

All

Rankin

NS

100

Prospective

1

All

Czaja

NS

101

Prospective

1

All

Cozzolino

NS

213

Retrospective

4

All

Hay CRM

1977–1986

35

Retrospective

2

All

Lashner

1977–1981

94

Retrospective

1

All

Hay JE

1984–1987

47

Prospective

1

All

Tinè

1984–1985

277

Prospective

1

All

Marmo

1986–1990

412

Retrospective

2

All

Zoli

NS

200

Case-control

2

Control patients not biopsied

Hamberg

1968–1971

303

Prospective

2

All

  1. *1, test measured independant of reference standard, and reference standard measured independant of test, 2, test measured independant of reference but not vice versa, 3, reference standard measured independant of test, but not vice versa, 4, neither test nor reference standard measured independantly of each other. NS, not stated.
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BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

ISSN: 1472-6947

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